सिभिल इन्जिनियरिङः पेशा र प्रतिष्ठा

l;len OlGhlgol/ª M k]zf / k|lti7f

eLd pkfWofo

zf/bf afFw ;D´f}tf, sf]zL ;D´f}tf, u08s ;D´f}tf cflbdf g]kfn 7luPsf] xf] . ltgtfs g]kfndf k|fljlw1 -OlGhlgo/_ x?sf] sdL lyof], lsg g]kfnsf] xft tn gk/f];\ egL ljjztf hfx]/ ul/G5 / lrQ a'´fpg] cfwf/x? klg 5g\ . t/ clxn] klg 6gsk'/ ;D´f}tf, dxfsfnL ;D´f}tf cflb b]z lxtljk/Lt t ePg egL z+sf JolQm ul/G5 . o:tf ax'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgfx?sf] zNolqmof ug]{ of]Uo k]zf s'g xf] < hjfkm ;Lwf / ;/n 5 – ;DalGwt k|fljlw1x? g} cflwsfl/s k]z]j/ x'g\ h;n] b"wsf] b"w kfgLsf] kfgL 5'6\ofpg ;S5g\ . logLx?sf] ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df c?x?n] af]Ng] g x'g\ . sf]zL ;D´f}tf ePsf] $@ jif{ lalt;s] / l;len OlGhlgo/x?sf] dxTjsf] klxrfg ePsf] klg . t/, cfhsf] g]kfnL l;len OlGhlgo/x?sf] ljZn]if0f ug{;Sg] / sfd ug{;Sg] Ifdtfdf slt clej[l4 eO;Sof] t < l;len OlGhlgol/ª k]zfsf] Ifdtf j[l4 k|lqmofdf uDeL/ q'l6x? t eO/fv]sf] 5}gg\ <

OlGhlgol/ª k]zf vlr{nf] k]zf xf] . o;sf k|fljlw1x? tof/ ug{ /fi6«sf] 7"n} wg/fzL vr{ x'G5 / logLx?sf] sfo{If]qdf 7"nf] wg/fzL nufgLsf] b/sf/ k5{ . o; k]zfn] Ps÷b'O{ hgf JolQm xf]Og k"/f ;d'bfo÷;dfhnfO{ k|efj k5{ . cNkljsl;t b]zsf] nflu b]z ljsf; eGg' g} ef}ls ;fwg–;'ljwfdf a[l4 x''gnfO{lnOG5 . k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfo[sf] nflu ljleGg oftfoft, l;+rfO, vfg]kfgL / pBf]uwGbfnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;+/rgfx?sf] l8hfOg, lgdf{0fsf] sfo{df /fi6«sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] /fh:j kl/rfng x'g\ . l;len OlGhlgo/x? log} sfd ug]{ ljz]if1 x'g\ . o:tf] uxg lhDd]jf/L lng] k]z]j/x?nfO{ g]kfndf xfn h;/L k|of]u ul/+b}5, o;n] g]kfnsf] eljio cGwsf/tkm{ pGd'v ePsf] nIf0f b]vfpF5 .

b]zsf clwstd ;/sf/L sfof{nox?df s'g p2]Zon] xf] s'lGg Û ;fob /f]huf/L lbg] p2]Zon] xf] ls, k|z:t ;+Vofdf OlGhlgo/x?sf] kbk"l{t{ ePsf] kfOG5 . p;n] ToxfF s] sfd ug]{, p;sf] s] lhDd]jf/L xf], clwsf/ s] xf] < sfo{If]q slt xf] < hjfkmb]lxtf slt sxfF x'g] xf] < cflb sg} kIfsf] ls6fg u/]sf] b]lv+b}g . s:tf] sfdsf] nflu slt cg'ejL, slt;Dd cWoog ePsf], s'g cf]xf]bfsf] OlGhlgo/ rflxG5 / p;nfO{ sfd ubf{ s] s:tf] ;fwg, ;|f]t, ;x'lnot, cfjZostf k5{ To;sf] lgwf{/0f cfh;Dd ePsf] kfO{+b}g . s'g} 7fpFdf b/aGbL l;h{gf x'G5g\, Tof] s] p2]Zosf]nflu lsg eof], s;}nfO{ yfxf x'Gg . sfof{no 5, ToxfF ljleGg lsl;dsf ljz]if1x? 5g\ . s'g ljz]if1sf] d'Vo e"ldsf x'g], s;sf] ;Nnfxsf/–;xfos e"ldsf x'g] xf], Plsg x'Fb}g . k|fljlws Joj:yfkgsf] ;f]kfg s] xf] < o;k|sf/sf] Joj:yfkg s;/L ug]{ eGg];Dd klg 1fg / u}/k]z]j/xLgx?af6 ;~rflnt Joj:yfkgn] b]zlxtsf] k|Tofe"ld x'g;Snf eg]/ s;/L ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 < o:tf] Joj:yfkg nufgLsf] b[li6n] g]kfnsf] OlGhlgol/ª bIf hgzlQm ljsf;df ePsf] vr{ ;a}eGbf 3f6fsf] Joj;fo k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5 .

Psflt/ g]kfndf ;/sf/L hflu/df ePsf l;len OlGhlgo/x? of lagfsfd sfof{nodf xflh/ dfq ahfpg] u5{g, of t pgLx?sf] sfo{af]´ olt Go"g x'G5 ls jif{sf] b'O{, tLg dlxgfdf dfq sfd u/] k'U5 . csf]{tkm{ g]kfndf ;fdfGo k|ljlwaf6 lgdf{0f x'g] cfof]hgfx?b]lv lnP/ 7"nf7"nf hl6n k|fljlw k|of]u x'g] cfof]hgfx?df ljb]zL k/fdz{bftfx?n] g} sfd ul//x]sf] x'G5g\ . u|fdL0f ;8s, vf]gkfgL, ;–;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgf, ´f]n'Ë] k'nh:tf ;fwf/0f k|ljlw k|of]u ul/g] cfof]hgfx?df ;d]t ljb]L ljz]if1x?sf] g} afx'Notf / cflwkTo kfOG5 . s]xL :jb]zL k|fljlwsx? kgl /flvPsf x'g;S5g\ t/ pgLx?sf] e"ldsf lg0ff{Ps x'g] ub}{g / p;sf] sfd ;/sf/L kIftkmPaf6 k|foM NofKr] nufpg];Dd ;Lldt /x]sf] x'G5 . oL ljb]zL / :j]bzL k|fljlw1x? x'gt ;Fu} a;]/ sfd ug]{ u5{g\ t/ pgLx?sf] kfl/>ldsdf cfsfz–kftfnsf] cGt/ x'G5 . o:tf kfl/>lds:t/sf] ljifdtfsf] sf/0faf6 g]kfnL OlGhlgo/x?sf] sfd ug]{ xf};nf d/]/ hfg] u/]s]f b]lvG5 . ljb]zL k/fdz{bftfx?sf] tkm{af6 lghL If]qsf g]kfnL k|fljlwsx?sf] ;+nUgtfsf] ;+Vof a9fpFb} nluPsf] kfOG5 t/ ltgLx? ;/sf/L;]jfafxl/sf x'g] x'gfn] ;/sf/L Ifdtf ljsf;sf b[li6n] kmnbfoL l;4 x'g ;ls/x]sf] b]lv+b}g . lghLs/0fsf] cfhsf] ljZjJofkL km]zgdf lghLs/0f cleofgsf ;fy;fy} ;/sf/L kIf klg TolQs} ;Ifd–;an x'g'kg]{ x'G5 . l;len OlGhlgol/ª If]qdf ;/sf/L Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 eO/x]s]f xf]nf eGg] ljZjf; ug{ xfn ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf] l;len OlGhlgo/x?sf] kl/rfngljlwaf6 kTofpg ;Sg] cfwf/x? eg] e]§fO{+b}g .

l;len OlGhlgol/ª Jofjxfl/s lj1fg xf] . cWoog, cg'ej / cEof;n] o;nfO{ vfb}{ n}hfG5 . To;}n] o; k]zfdf cg'ejgsf] sb/ ul/g'k5{ .

g]kfndf l;len OlGhlgo/x?sf] kl/rfng s;/L x'g] u/]sf] 5g\, s]xL pbfx/0fx? x]/f}+ –

ejg ljefucGtu{t krxQ/} lhNnfsf lhNnf ejg sfof{nodf l;len OlGhlgo/x? sfo{/t 5g\ . logLx?n] aflif{s ?= Ps b'O{ nfvsf b/n] /sd vr{ u/L lhNnfsf ejgx?df /+u/f]ug sfo{ u/L ;do latfpg afWo x'G5g\ .

:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf krxQ/} lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?df Ps Pshgf l;len OlGhlgo/ 5g\ . logLx?n] ?= kfFr, bz xhf/ nfut kg]{ ;os8f}+ lgdf{0f cfof]hgfx?sf] k|d'v /x]s]f :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L / hgk|ltlglwn] h;f]h;f] eG5g\, To;}cg'?k nfut cg'dfg tof/ ul/lbG5g\ / sfd ;DkGg ePsf] hfgsf/L hgk|ltlglwx?n] lbg cfPdf e'QmfgLsf] nflu d"Nof+sg sfuh ug]{ u5{g\ . hgk|ltlglwx?n] u/]sf] sfdsf] k|fljlws a}wtf lbg];Ddsf] sfd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf OlGhlgo/x?n] ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . To:t} :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf kfFr If]qLo lgb]{zgfnox?df u/L rf/ hgf l;lgo/ l8lehgn OlGhlgo/x?, kfFr hgf cl;:6]G6 O{lGhlgo/x? / bzhgf cf]e/l;o/x?N] aiff}{b]lv lagfsfd b]lgs xflh/ dfq ub}{ dlxgf lat]kl5 s;}–s;}n] tLg–rf/ dlxgfdf Ps}rf]6L tnj yfKg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . s'g} sfd geP klg sd{rf/L ePkl5 xflh/ ug'{ g} klg sfd xf] ls <

lzIff dGqfnocGtu{t clw/fHosf clwstd lhNnfx?df nfu" ul/Psf] cfwf/e"t lzIff kl/of]hgfdf :s"n ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg lhNnf:t/df lzIff clwsf/L / If]qLo :t/df If]qLo lgb]{zs cfof]hgf k|d'v x'G5g\ / s/f]8f}+ nfut kg]{ ljBfno ejg lgdf{0f ug{ u/fpg c:yfoL cf]e/l;o/ egf{ u/L sfd rnfpF5g\ .

:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf lhlj;sf :yfoL OlGhlgo/x? ?=kfFr–bz xhf/ nfut kg]{ ;–;fgf ;os8f}+ cfof]hgfsf] y'k|f]df 8'a]/ hLjgnfO{ lwSsf5{g\ eg] ptf s]lGb|o :t/sf af9LkLl8t k'glgdf{0f cfof]hgf, u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ ljsf; cfof]hgf, ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/ ljsf; h:tf s/f]8f}+ vr{ x'g] / ;Lk cfh{g ug]{ cj;/ ePsf cfof]hgfx?df c:yfoL ev{/sf :gfts OlGhlgo/ / cf]e/l;o/ egf{ u/L u}/k|fljlwsx?sf] g]t[Tjdf sfd kmQ] u/fOG5 . To:t} k|fljlws sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ g]t[Tj lbO{ ;~rfng u/]s]f s]xL :yfgLo lgdf{0f cfof]hgf, emf]n'Ë]k'n cfof]hgf / ;3g >dd"ns ;8s cfof]hgfx?df klg cg'ejxLg gj;]jf k|j]zL OlGhlgo/x? dfq k|of]u ug]{ ul/Psf 5g\ .

l6s6 lbg] xf] eg] -r'gfjdf_ dGqL x'g] dfG5]nfO{ tkfO{ lhNnf xflsd lbg ;Sg'x'Gg < hfg';\, d}n] eg]adf]lhd u/]/ Nofpg';\ – Ps hgf ev{/ hflu/df k|j]z u/]sf cg'ejxLg OlGhlgo/nfO{ clxNo} sfof{no k|d'v agfpFbf ljefusf] jftfj/0f vnalng] / sfdsf] /fd|f] Joj:yfkg x'g g;Sg] s'/fsf] Ps ljefuLo, k|d'vsf] lrGtfk|lt ljefuLo dGqLsf] cfb]zk"0f{ hjfkm x'G5 .

ljut !% jif{otf ;ss8f b'O{hgf dfq ;/sf/L l;len OlGhlgo/af6 s'g} Pp6f cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog ;'? u/L cfˆg} sfo{sfndf ;DkGg ug{ ;kmn ePsf] b[i6fGt kfpg ;lsof] eg] o;nfO{ 7"nf] pknlAwsf] ?kdf uGg ;lsg] l:ylt cfO;s]sf] 5 . a;}{lg ;?jf ul/g] OlGhlgo/x?af6 o:tf] pknlAw k|fKt gx'g' k"j{ k'Ug klZrdlt/ lx+8] ;/x xf] .

o;af6 b]zdf l;len OlGhlgol/ª Joj:yfkgsf] xfnrfn s:tf] /x]5 ;lhn} a'‰g ;lsG5 .

o; k|sf/ l;len OlGhlgol/ª ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ ;/sf/L lgsfox?df sd{rf/L kl/rfngsf lgDg lj;+ultx? 68\sf/f] b]lvG5g\–

lghfdtL ;]jfdf OlGhlgol/ª ;]jf, l;len OlGhlgol/ª ;d"x cGtu{t ljleGg * pk;d"x sfod u/L leGbfleGb} sfo{ ljlzi6tfsf] sfg"gL Joj:yf eP tfklg Ps pk;d"sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ cGo pk;d"xdf sfd u/fO{ k]zfut j}lzi6osf] cjx]ngf ePsf] / o:tf] k|j[lQn] ubf{ ;DalGwt pk;d"xsf JolQmn]] ;Lk / 1fgsf] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] k]zfut xs xgg x'g uPsf] pbfx/0f hxfFtxL e]l6G5g\ . s'g7fpFdf /flvPsf OlGhlgo/ v]/ uP;/x g} x'G5 eGg] tYo a'em\g ;Dd g;Sg' cfhsf] ljlzi6Ls/0fsf] hdfgfdf b'ef{Uok"0f{ cj:yf dfGg' k5{ .

l;len OlGhlgol/ªsf] g} d'Vo e"ldsf xf] eGg] :ki6 x'Fbf x'b} klg u}/ k]z]j/ If]qnfO{ g]t[Tj lbO{ k'/ftg k/Dk/f sfod /fVb} k]zfut c;'nx? anfTs[t eO/x]sf] tYo s;}af6 n's]sf] 5}g . ;fy} ljleGg dGqfnodf sfo{k|s[lt ljk/Lt l;len OlGhlgol/ª lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fO{bf k]zfut g}ltstf tyf xslxtsf] ;Da4{g x'g ;s]sf] x'b}g . l;len OlGhlgol/ª cfof]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjog h;n] klg ug{ ;S5, ug{ kfpF5 eGg] k]zfut b[li6n] cg}lts ;f]r Pj+ Jojxf/ htftt} JofKt kfOG5 .

cgfjZos ?kdf b/aGbL l;h{gf u/L sfdljxLg, lhDd]jf/ljxLg tNofO{ OlGhlgo/x?sf] k]zfut bIftf clea[l4 ug]{ tkm{ ;/sf/L kIf ulDe/ x'g] u/]sf] kfO{b}g . cfof]hgf rog, cWoogdf OlGhlgo/xx?sf] e"ldsf uf}0f kfg{sf nflu cGo If]qaf6 cgfjZos bafa / k|efj kfl/Psf] x'Fbf l;len OlGhlgol/ª k]zfn] :jtGq ?kdf sfd ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . cg'ejL, bIf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ljz]if lhDd]jf/L lbOg'kg]{df cg'ejxLg, c;DalGwt ;]jf ;d"xsf sd{rf/L / cf]xf]bf k'u]sf OlGhlgo/x?nfO{ ljz]if lhDd]jf/L lbOg'kg]{df cg'ejxLg, c;DalGwt ;]jf ;d"xsf sd{rf/L / cf]xf]bf gk'u]sf OlGhlgo/x?nfO{ g]t[Tjdf /fvL l;len OlGhlgol/ª Joj:yfkgfsf] dfGotffljk/Lt sfdsf/afxL x'g] u/]sf] e]l6G5 . l;len OlGhlgol/ª k]zfnfO{ ljleGg If]qaf6 ab\gfd u/fpg] bf]ifL b]vfpg] lhDd]jf/ 7x¥ofpg] k|j[lQdf lbg k|ltlbg a9f]Q/L eO/x]sf] / o; ;DaGwdf k]zfut ;+u7g klg d"sbz{s /x]sf] kfOG5 . ljZj ljsf;sf] k|lt:kwL{ bf}8df o:t} 9/f{n] lx8]/ ljhoL x'g ;lsPnf <

g]kfn h:tf] cNkljsl;t b]znfO{ ;d[4zfnL agfpg' 5 eg] l;len OlGhlgol/ª k]zfsf] e"ldsf Pj+ Ifdtf a[l4 gu/L ePsf] 5}g . Ifdtf clea[l4 sfd u/]/, cEof; u/]/ / r'gf}tLx?sf] ;fdgf u/]/ dfq ;Dej x'G5 / OlGhlgo/x? ;r]t / ;lqmo eP dfq ltgsf e"ldsf a[l4 x'g ;S5 .

cfufdL rf/ jif{df @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf k|j]z u/L ;+;f/sf] ljsl;t OlGhlgol/ª k|ljlw;Fu;Fu} r'gf}tLnfO{ a]xf]b}{ lx+8\g] ls xfnsf] h:t} dGb ljifkfgdf d:t ePem}+ 3l;|b} lx8\g] < ljsNk /f]Hg' 5– b]zsf l;len OlGhlgo/x?n] . l;len OlGhlgol/ª k]zfnfO{ ul/dfdo, kl/is[t / b]zsfn kl/l:ylt cg'?k ;b'kof]u ug]{ lhDd]jf/L klg o;} k]zfsf] xf] . c?n] /fd /fd;Dd eGg ;S5g\ sfFw yfKb}gg\ . h'Qfn] sxfF 3f]R5, v'§fnfO{ dfq yfxf x'G5 . -ldlt )%#.&.@@ df sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf k|sflzt_